How Does Diabetes Damage My Tendons?

In type 1 and type 2 diabetes, tendon damage is caused by a substance called enhanced glycation end products (AGE). They form when proteins or fats mix with sugar in the bloodstream.

 Normally, your body produces AGEs at a slow and steady rate. However, in diabetes, excess sugar in the blood accelerates and affects the tendons.

 Tendons are made of a protein called collagen. Therefore, AGE changes the structure of the tendon and creates connections that can affect the function of the tendon. For example, you may be fatter than usual and not be able to carry your weight as much as before. As a result, one of the tendons is more likely to rupture.

 Tendon problems that can occur if your diabetes is out of your control include:

 Frozen shoulder: Stiffness and pain caused by thickening of the capsules surrounding the tendons and ligaments of the joints.

Rotator cuff tear: Damage to the tendons and muscles surrounding the shoulder joint, including the supraspinatus muscle.

Trigger finger: The finger is stuck in the bent position and sits straight as the trigger is pulled.

Carpal Tunnel Syndrome: Pressure on the nerves passing through the wrist causes numbness, tingling, and weakness in the wrist.

Dupuytren's contraction: The tissue under the skin of the hand thickens and the fingers bend towards the palm. Damaged tendons are painful and can affect joint mobility.

Even if the wound needs surgery, the tendon can tear again. Studies show that more than one-third of diabetics who have surgery to repair a rotator cuff tear will have the problem again.

 How can I prevent and treat tendon damage?

The best way to avoid tendon problems is to manage diabetes. Lower your blood sugar with the help of diet, exercise, and dosing. If you're overweight, try losing a few pounds. It improves your health while reducing stress on your tendons.

 If you already have a tendon injury, talk to your doctor about the following treatments:

• Pain relievers such as aspirin and ibuprofen
•  Muscle relaxants
•  Physical therapy and exercise
•  heat or ice
•  A sprint that stabilizes the joint as the tendon heals

 Your doctor may also suggest injecting steroids into your joints to relieve tendon problems. Be aware that steroids can cause short-term increases in blood sugar. Talk to your doctor if the benefits of this treatment outweigh the risks.